Alternative Learning Systems (ALS) are non-formal educational initiatives focused on basic literacy and life skills to provide educational opportunities for out-of-school youth and adults

For the purposes of this debate, an income share agreement is a contract in which an investor fronts the cost of a student's education in exchange for a percentage of their future income (ex. 5% of monthly salary) for a period of time. There is no existing limit on the repayment period, but it typically ranges from 10 years to 35 years.

California's Three Strikes Law imposes longer prison sentences on repeat felony (e.g. petty theft, drug possession of small quantities, kidnapping, robbery, murder) crime offenders regardless of the severity of their latest crime as long as they are found guilty of at least one serious or violent prior felony. Strike 1, the serious or violent felony, is punished normally. Strike 2 requires the guilty to go to prison (i.e. rehab facilities and probation are ruled out) for twice the present offense's sentence. Strike 3 sentences the guilty to a minimum of 25 years in prison. 

Under international law, mercenaries are excluded from receiving Prisoner of War (POW) status under the Geneva Conventions, which protect lawful combatants with rights such as humane treatment and due process.

In the current English Premiere League’s Financial Fair Play (FFP) policy, clubs cannot spend more than their revenue from ticket sales, streaming, and other directly football-related activities. A proposal set to take effect in 2026 introduces a spending cap of 85% of a club’s income on wages, transfers, and agent fees and a spending ceiling of 5 times the income of the team with the smallest share of prize money and broadcasting rights. On either policies, clubs are required to comply with transparency rules i.e. disclosure of financial statements.

In 2018, the Vatican and the People’s Republic of China signed a provisional agreement concerning the appointment of Catholic bishops in China. The agreement aimed to bridge the divide between China’s state-sanctioned Catholic Church and the underground Church loyal to Rome by allowing mutual input on bishop appointments. Historically, the Chinese government had appointed bishops without Vatican approval through its state-sanctioned church, the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association, while many Catholics operated in an underground church loyal to the Pope.

An arbitration clause in a contract that requires the parties to resolve their disputes through an arbitration process. Arbitration is a dispute-resolution process in which the parties select a neutral third party, typically an arbitration firm, to resolve their claims.

Work-life integration is the idea that your personal and professional life should be seen as one whole, as opposed to entities that have to be separated (work-life balance).

Currently, K-pop entertainment companies typically retain exclusive rights over a group's brand elements even after disbandment or contract termination. While the terms of their contracts vary, most companies still have control over the intellectual property of their artists which prohibits idols from continuing independently and results in groups that left their label rebranding or completely dissolving itself.

For the purposes of this debate, invisible social movements operate quietly and covertly relying on grassroot networks, subliminal messaging, gradual institutional infiltration, and small untraceable acts of defiance over public demonstrations and campaigns to achieve their goals. 

An arbitration clause in a contract that requires the parties to resolve their disputes through an arbitration process. Arbitration is a dispute-resolution process in which the parties select a neutral third party, typically an arbitration firm, to resolve their claims.

Work-life integration is the idea that your personal and professional life should be seen as one whole, as opposed to entities that have to be separated (work-life balance).

Currently, K-pop entertainment companies typically retain exclusive rights over a group's brand elements even after disbandment or contract termination. While the terms of their contracts vary, most companies still have control over the intellectual property of their artists which prohibits idols from continuing independently and results in groups that left their label rebranding or completely dissolving itself.

In 2018, the Vatican and the People’s Republic of China signed a provisional agreement concerning the appointment of Catholic bishops in China. The agreement aimed to bridge the divide between China’s state-sanctioned Catholic Church and the underground Church loyal to Rome by allowing mutual input on bishop appointments. Historically, the Chinese government had appointed bishops without Vatican approval through its state-sanctioned church, the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association, while many Catholics operated in an underground church loyal to the Pope.